M ac rsn x



- (H0 Model.) I 2 sheems -sheet 1.

' M, J. KLEIN.

, Pneumatic Refrigerating Machine. No.'240,83 0. P-atented May 3, war,

[zzveni (fin Emmi.) 2 Sheath-Sheet 2.

M. J; KLEIN, Pneumatic Refrigerating Machine.

Na. '24@,S33 Pga'tented ,May 3,1881.

UNITED Suites heiress OF ICE.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN, QIWBIEW YORK, N. Y.

PNEUMATHG estrussenriuc iuaeeim zg srectrrcc'rron formingart of Letters raient in 240,830, dat earca 3, 1881. Aflpllcnilfl ll filed Jnly 14, 1820. xii model.)

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Marinas J. KLEI of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented on Improvement in Pneumatic Refrigeratiug-Machines, of which the following pheric air. In such machines'as have hereto fore been produced, however, the minimum pressure of the air which produces the coldhas been one atmosphere or less. Such machines, however, have the drawbacks of being of large dimensions and requiring great power to'run them, and'are, furthermore, more orless subject to difliculty on, account of the moisture of the atmospheric air.

The object of this invention is to overcome these various objections; and my invention consists in the production of cold by the alternate compression and expansion or a confined body of purified and d ry atmospheric air, which I call working-air, under a minimum pressme always higher than one atmosphere. v The waste through the stufiiug-boxes and other leakages of this inclosed working-air on its circular course is supplied by other atmospheric air, which I call feed-air.

My invention consists, also, in a new method of drying this feed-air perfectly, without the 'use of chemicals, before it enters into and becomes part of the working-air. v

My invention .consists, further, in the combination of parts designed to reduce the motive power required for the production of thce'old to smalllimits-as compared to the requirements of other pneumatic rcfrigcratiugmachincs.

My invention consists, further, in purifying the feed-air, and in the automatic regulation of the minimum and maximum pressure of the inclosed working-air, which produces the cold.

By means of those several improvements 1 am able to produce a pneumatic refrigerating.

machine of comparatively small dimensions,

and which shall be serviceable within extended limits. Moreover, the internal parts of such a machine remain uninjured by the purified dry \\'orl;iiig-air,,aml remain free from dust, dirt, snow, and hour-frost.

littie power is required to run it, andthat it works economically.

My several improvements are more fully shown in the accompanyingdrawings, in which like letters indicate like parts, and in which- Figure I, Sheetv 1, is a front elevation of a pneumatic cold-producing apparatus with my improvements. Fig. II is a plan of the same. Fig. III, Sheet 2, is -a*verticalsection of the some. Fig. IV is'a vertical section of the air purilier. Upon a suitable frame, X, is mounted the, steam-cylinder S, which may be of any suitaabl'e construction, the compressor U, and the expander E, which latter is provided with avnriable cut-0d. The small compressor ihe air-feeder-is attached to the cylinder E. The piston-rods of the cylinders S (l E C are connected to the horizontal beam T, which has a perpendicular reciprocating motion in ways in the upper frame, as showns By iii-cans of two suitable pitmen, G G, this b am 1 drives the two lily-wheels F. F on the m a'in shaft B,

.which rests nponbearings in the frame X, as

lug-jacket, through which, by means of the The refrigerator 1%., which maybe of eoustruction similar to the cooler K, is connected with the compressor C and the smallsurtaeecooler H by means of the pipes Q and O, and A further advautage of such a machine is that comparatively is provided with supply and discharge pipes 1 W and r, for the circulation of thc'uon-congeal- '5- of the pipes at and U, as shown. The small surtnceoooler H, with the water-vessel H and pressure-reducing valve J on its top, is connected with the an reservoir "it by the pipe 1U, with the expander E by the pipe N, and

.re withthe refrigerator It hythc pipe (3.

P is a p ning"; designed to not in circulation the non-songwriting liquid, or the water which is designed to oongeal, and ii connected at one side, with the jaoltot of oyiindcr E, as shown,

is and at the otherside, by means of pipe with theico-mahing apparatus. (Not-shown in the ji nre.) v

A the orz'punder E, the refrigerator R, the small a'o'oier H, the pump P, the pipes h! {1* r N -li corered with non-conductors ot' h at,

mum pressure,

o Y U H H and the ports zm 'io Thr purified r5; worltin n it, which {'iFUtit. .the cold, is contained in N H 0 R G L K l6 and during its oircular course therein is compressed by the compressor 0 to its maxinnd expanded by the expander E to its minimum pressure. This inolosed working-unis delivered and su'ppiiod h airfcedcri), which takesthe feed-air n: *1 atmosphere and izonducts it throi air. The i'eed-airis in this way, hci'o. by a; a: to the course the worhi tied, compressed, and

Thefced-air purifier A--:: s:

5 provided atits bottoinwith in. Utlt entrance of the atmospheric air, a

vided with a zigzag channel, formed throng. it from (t to e by means of theseries of horizontal partitions d d, as shown. 'Vi nter is adto niitted through apipe, D, at the top of the chaingo higher degree of t I A a A do reed-an r w W her, and flows through the channel and escapes 2111:. The atmospheric or feed air therefore enters at z and passes along the said channel to a, and delivers its dust and other impurities to the water with which itcmues in contact in the chamber, and being thus purified and iml'ireg'uated with water it passes intothe sir" feeder G, in which it is compressed to the minimum pressure of the working-n12, or t nre, as may he d The warmth genera! ,during thiscompir is partially absorbed in i o evaporation or use water curried along from the purifier A, whieh has nearly the same effect as a spray ot'ot-njiling 5 water thrown into the comp" 'inder (3' during the compress on or tn further. portion of this warmth is the circulation of the ooolingg uteri n thejncltct of the cylinder (3''. This miter-imprcgnated senders unnoces, i any lubrication ton of the cyli ilo the slit n! 5 h of krona, (1"

in oompressod through the no; open, into the et feed'uir, w r now state and a little o l, pr pipoU, the stop-value 1,! her it? his L dry-thot is condition of dryness that not the least port-ion ieed air of this 1 cool oii' rvoir On the large surface irvoir the compressed feed-air will Ci nearly the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere, and therefore a part of its moisture will be condensed in this'rcservoir and go with the feed air through the discharge-pipe U the stopwalvc in U being open, into the vessel E. If the fced air is not cool enough upon entering H, the pipe U may be increased in length, and cooled by a stream I of cooling-water. The upright tube H is surrounded by the dry working-air, which, coming directly from the-expander E, is at its lowest degree of temperature and at the minimum pressure. It, enters at the top of H and escapes at, 0. From H this now partially-dry feed-air passes up in the tube H, and, through the ports'rc :r, mingles with the working-air; but; in the meantime it has been cooled otf bythe said working-air, which is passing downward in the jacket, between the tubes H H, to the some or nearly the same temperature with itselfthat is to say, the lowest temperature which exists in the machine. Now, since the feedair in the tube H has the minimum pressure ot' the working-air, or a higher pressure, and because of the cooling above mentioned in t tube It, nearly all the moisture st-ill in the said food-air is condensed it into the vessel H in the form of Y water and snow. The waterin 11" e removed by a, stop-cock or by afloatin noting valve, mgas shown in the figure, or in any other way. The fecduir at the time of mingling with the working-air, and in consequence the working-air itself, is perfectly to say, it; is in such a degree or ot' the very small quantity of water vapor which it still contains can become condensed into water orsnow at any point upon its course; and it. is quite obvious that this dry workingair remains in the same dry state, no matter how long the work of the machine is continued. The ports ir a; in H will be regulated by the pressure-reducing 'v'alve J, which may be of any suitable construction. The working-air presses against the diaphragm of said pressure-reducing valve, which closes the tube Hon its top. Said diaphragm is balanced by mean. of aweig'ht, J and lover J, as shown. If th iititllilltlii} pressure of the working-air is fall in the weight J presses the diaphragm downnnd-aiso the valve ring' o2" w,'and opens oral ports a: :0, near the top of tube H,

tht.

"and the dry feed-air is allowed to escape by said ports'und combine itself there with the working-air. The minimum pressureot' the lat ter is now rising and will continue to rise until the correct minimum pressure of the working, is touched, and thus will be relative to ,it Eli ot the weighty. When this mininr re is attained, the weight J, to-

gen 1 with the dinphragni, goes upward and closes the ports a: The teed-air which is now coming from the air-feeder G must roiain. in the reservoir Y, and in consequence water for any purpose, common water, in lieu ot' a noncongealable liquid, is allowed'tomake thecircuit just described, and it. may be used over and over again or not. In the latter case a continual stream of freshwater is allowed to 'circulate through the jacket of 'thecylinder-ltlv- Flhe tiect of said jacket in E will be increased it the liquid circulating through the same also circulate through the piston of cylinder E:

and in the same manner the cooling cfiectof the jacket in thecompressor 0 will be increased it the cooling-water is also allowed to circulate through t-hepiston of the same.

The feed-air in dryin" as above described,

iscooled'otf in H to, or nearly to, the lowest degree of cold which exists in the machine by the direct operation of the cold working-air.

. cooler of any suitableconstruction,

The same etl'ect may also be attained in H by means of a non-congealablc liquid. In order to dothis, the cold working-air is allowed to pass from expander E first to a small surface ,in which it reduces said non-congealable liquid to, or non. iy to, its own degree of cold, and goes then directly into. the refrigeratorlt and not into H. Said noncongealable liquid goes from the small surface coolerjust mentioned into the jacket between the tubes H and H, and in the same manner reduces the temperature of the feed-air which is passing upward in tube H. The non-congealable liquid, its temperature having, in the meantime, become slightly snrface-cooler,

raised, returns to said small where it is cooled otf again by the cold working-air, ant then it repeats the circuit described. If this modification be used, the upper portion of the jacket, between the tubes H H, where the feed-air passes the ports a: .1, must be separated from its lower portion by an air-tight partition. From the said ports a; m a pipe conducts said feed-air to pipcNor to any other place where the working-air circulatcs. if it be designed that the feed-air, after passing the ports .r it, shall enter into the working-air at any point where it is in its maximum pressure state,.the air-feeder C must, in this case, compress the feed-air to the said maximum or a bigherpressurc, the maximum pressure oft-heworking-air will be directly and automatically regulated.

It is not necessary to cool the teed-air bct'oi a it enters into the vessel H. The whole cooling of the feedatir could be done in H alone by the cold working-air or by said non congealable liquid; but. in such case, as itis easy to see, a part of the cohl produced by the ma chine would be wasted, and therefore itis preferable to cool the teed-air, as above described, before it enters into vessel H.

M y intention isnotrcstricted to the arrange apartment where its cold and then aim shown in thc'fira'wtn'gn. The seVeml parts of themachiue may be arranged litany other position thanthat shown, and my vention' is, furthermore; not confined tothe'f specialkindofconstrnctionsofthe sereralparts shown in the drawings. Any kind of a double or single acting nir-compresser, of 1: (ion; his or a singleacting air-expander, any kind of a surface-cooler, refrigerator, airpurifier, or pressure-reducing valve, and any kind of an air feeder, may be used. The compressor 0 .andexpander E indcr, in one end of which the working-air shall be compressed, and in the other en'dfot' which. it. shall be expanded; and in lieu of one such cylindertwo or more may be employed. Instead ot" one cooler, K, and one refrigerator, R, two or more refrigerator B may serve for several purposes at the same time. One part; of it may housed for the-production of ice, and another for the productionof cold air, &c.

In lieu ottheteed-air purifier A, an cqnivc' lent apparatus may be employed in which the feed-air must pass tlirough, a body or a spray of water,or through amass of cotton cunt-her fibrous material which is kept. constantly imregnated with fresh water, 850.

The air-feeder C may be a double or a single acting air-compressor. It may consist of one compressor, in which the feed-air iscompressed from the atmospheric-pressure directly. to the minimum pressure ot'the working-air or a higher pressure; or it may consist-of twoor more compressors in which the t'eed-airis first a medium pressure, and then-further until the pressure required in the air-reservoir Y is reached.

feeder 3', there may be substituted 9. pnlsometer, an injector, or any other apparatus or arrangement which is able to furnish con:-

also, several of the apparatnscsj nst mentioned may be employed at the'same time. For in stance, the feed-air may be first compressed by a pnlsometer, andthen-further compressed by means of a PiSIOlbGOllllllflSSOl,iO the required higher pressure. The air-feeder may also be driven by a separate motor. In this case the air-reservoir Y may be filled with compressed air of the required pressure before the whole machine is started.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In a pneumatic refrigerating-machine, the continuous use of a confined body of atmos-' pheric air, called 9 working-air, which is alternately compressed and expanded, and the minimunpressurc of which is higher than one atmosphere, substantially as and for the 'pnrpose described. I

3. In a pn cum :1 tic rctrigerating-machine, the. combination o a small air-compressor or an may also be mied'in one-cyf-f ot'eachtnaybcueedgThe liscompressed from the atmospheric pressure to pressed air of any desired degree of pressure;

minimum pressure of the working-air or a 105 As an equivalent apparatus for the air- I equiyal ent, apparatus, which serves as an air- ,ieederftvith an air-compressor and an air-expander in which the inclosed working-air op erates, designed to maintain the working-air 5 at a highermininnnn pressure than one atmosphere, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In a pneumatic cold-producing apparatus or refrigerat-ing-niachine, the air-feeder G or [O its equivalent, in eombinationwith the compressor G, coolenK, expander E, and refrigerator R, substantially as and for the purpose described. I

4. The air-purifier A or its equiva1ent,-designed to purify the feed-air and impregnate it with water, in combination with the airfeeder O or its equivalent, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the air-feeder Cor its equivalent, the small surface-cooler H or an equivalent apparatus, and the vessel H", designed, in conjunction with the cold workingair'or a non-congealableliquid, to reduce the feed-air, while in its compressed state, to, or nearly to, the lowest temperature which exists in the machine, and by these means to d ry the feed-air perfectlyfsubstantially as described.

6. The method of drying the feed-air, con .sisting in compressing the same before it enworking-air to the minimum pressure of the latter or a higher pressur and then cooling it oft, while in this condition to ,:on nearly to, the lowest temperature which exists in the machine, and by thismeans, so far as possible. to condense all the water-vapor contained in he said feed-air to water or to waterand ters into the circular course of the inclosed snow, and remove the same, substantially as set forth I. In a pneumatic refrigerating-machine, th eon'ipresser t, in combination with the smal cylinders I) I), having air-tight pistons ff, with regulating-screws or their equivalent, substantially asand for the purpose described.

8, In apnenmatie refrigeratirig-machine, the 4 5 expander E,in combination with a jacket provided with supply and discharge pipes, designed to circulate the noncongealable liquid oft'he water to be congealed, substantially as and ,for the purpose described. 3

9; Che air-feeder C or its equivalent, in combination with the feed-air reservoir Y and pressure-:educing valve J, designed to regalate automatically the minimum or maximum pressure of the inclosed working-air, in the manner specified.

10. In apneumatic refrigerating.-machine, the combination of the air-feeder O or, its equivalent, the feed-air purifier- A or its equivalent, the feed-air reservoir Y, the small surface-coolerH or its equivalent, the vessel H the pressure-reducing valve J, the-compressor C, the cooler K, the-expander E, and'refrigerator .1, designed and arranged to operate substantially as anri' iinthe manner and for the 65 Purpose set fort l t In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of J uly, 1880.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN.

' Witnesses LOUIS MAYER, MAX. Brannon. 

